Embroidery

Ihwo humhizha hwekushongedza maoko muChina hwakatanga munguva yeYu Shun, hwakabudirira muTang neRwiyo dynasties, uye hunobudirira muMing neQing dynasties.Embroidery yakapihwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa muWeinan muguta rese.Kubva panguva yeHan Dynasty, kushongedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwave kuve yakanakisa hunyanzvi muguta, uye varuki vane mukurumbira vakatora nzvimbo yavo munhoroondo yehunyanzvi.Munguva yeTang neRwiyo dynasties, embroidery yakashandiswa kune calligraphy, kupenda uye zvishongo, uye zvirimo zvekushongedza zvaive zvine chekuita nezvinodiwa uye tsika dzehupenyu.Nhetembo yaLi Bai "Emerald golden wisps, yakashongedzwa mukuimba nekutamba zvipfeko" uye Bai Juyi's "Musikana akapfuma muchivako chitsvuku, ane wisps yegoridhe achibaya jekete rake" ese ari nziyo dzekushongedza.Iyo Song Dynasty yaive nguva apo kumekwa kwemaoko kwakasvika pakakwirira pakukura, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kwekunakisa kwekupenda kwekupenda, iyo yaive yekupedzisira yerudzi rwayo.Embroidery pendi yakapesvedzerwa nemifananidzo yeChikoro, uye kuumbwa kwenzvimbo, pavilions, shiri nenhamba zvaive nyore uye zvakajeka, uye ruvara rwacho rwakanga rwakanaka.Munguva yeMing neQing dynasties, embroidery emumuzinda weiyo feudal dynasties aive akakura zvakanyanya muchiyero, uye embroidery yevanhu yakagadziridzwa zvakare, ichigadzira "Mana Makuru Embroideries", anoti Su embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Shu embroidery uye Guangdong embroidery.

Shen Shou, muimbi wemazuva ano wekushongedza, haangori mucheki akanaka chete, asi zvakare anoronga uye kuronga machira ekushongedza ezvizvarwa zvakapfuura, anogara nhaka yetsika dzechinyakare dzeGu embroidery uye Su embroidery, uye anodaidza nzira dzekutaura dzekumadokero sketching, pendi yemafuta. uye kutora mafoto, kugadzira masitichi akasununguka uye masitichi ekutenderera kuratidza chiedza nerima rezvinhu.Mufananidzo wake wemuItaly Empress Alina wakaratidzwa paChinese Arts and Crafts Fair muTurin, Italy, uye akahwina mubairo wepamusoro-soro pasi rose.

Tsika dzechivanhu nemaitiro zvinopa mukana uye mamiriro ekushongedza kwechivanhu kuratidza zvizere kushanda nesimba uye huchenjeri hwevakadzi, uyezve, zvishongo zvechivanhu zvinowedzera ruvara rwakanaka uye rusinganzwisisike kune tsika dzechivanhu uye ngano.

Embroidery ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa uye yekare fashoni chinhu, apo maoko akareruka uye ane hunyanzvi uye yakanaka inonzwira tsitsi moyo inosungirirana tambo ine mavara uye yakapfuma, inosona nemusono.Kusika kwevakashongedza eras akasiyana-siyana haaperi uye anogara kwenguva refu mumicheka yavo, uye tsono neshinda zviri mumaoko emuruki zvakaita sebhurashi neingi mumaoko emupendi, anogona kushongedza anopenya uye anoyevedza mifananidzo, kuratidza manyorerwo etsika uye budiriro dzehunyanzvi dzenguva dzakasiyana.

Mukukura kwayo kwenguva refu, chinyakare chekuChina chekushongedza chakashanduka kuita akasiyana masitaera, aine hunyanzvi hwakanatswa uye mataurirwo akafumiswa.Nzira yekushongedza kwevanhu yakatonyanya kusiyanisa, ine zvisingaverengeki zvimiso uye zvidzidzo zvine mavara.Izvo zvakashongedzwa zvematunhu evashoma vematunhu kunyanya hazvisi zvakasiyana mune yavo nyaya uye maitiro, asi zvakare zvinoratidza hunhu hwakasimba hwenyika.

Chinese Miao embroidery, semuenzaniso, inozivikanwa se "fashoni yakakwirira yakavanzwa mukati memakomo".Iyo yakasarudzika tekinoroji yeMiao embroidery, iyo yakashinga mavara, iyo yakawedzera uye yakajeka mapatani, symmetrical uye inopindirana kuumbwa, uye yakasikwa chimiro chekushongedza.Inoratidza chirevo chetsika dzevanhu veMiao vanonamata zvisikwa, vanotevera "mweya" uye vanotenda mumadzitateguru avo nemagamba.Iyo yakasarudzika yetsika chirevo cheMiao embroidery inoita kuti ive yakasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kuChinese embroidery, inova imwe yemhando ina huru dzekushongedza.Miao embroidery art yave iri mumitsetse yemakomo kwenguva yakareba, saka vanhu vashoma vanoziva uye vanokoshesa kunaka kwayo uye kukosha kwayo.Zvisinei, unyanzvi hwakanaka huchakunda nguva nenzvimbo.Se "chimiro chine musoro" uye chizere ne "emotional imagery", Miao embroidery ichatumbuka munguva pfupi iri kutevera kuti ienderane neSu, Xiang, Guangdong uye Shu embroideries.